Climbing Mount Toubkal: How to Hike in the Atlas Mountains

Climbing Mount Toubkal not only serves as a thrilling physical and mental challenge, but it also rewards climbers with stunning panoramic views from the summit at 4,167m above sea level. The sense of accomplishment after reaching the top is unparalleled, making it a prime destination for adventurers and nature enthusiasts alike. 

With this Explore by Nature guide to climbing Mount Toubkal (plus two other peaks!), you'll learn everything you need to know for a successful summit of North Africa's highest point. Envisage dramatic peaks and captivating vistas nestled amongst Morocco's High Atlas Mountains range. With breathtaking landscapes, rich cultural experiences, and exhilarating adventures, climbing Mount Toubkal promises an unforgettable escape into nature's beauty.

What is Mount Toubkal?

Mount Toubkal, also known as Jebel Toubkal, is the highest peak in Morocco and the whole of North Africa, rising majestically to an elevation of 4,167m (13,671 feet) above sea level. Located within Toubkal National Park in the Moroccan High Atlas Mountain range, it is part of the greater Atlas Mountains that traverse Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Known for its stunning landscapes and unique biodiversity, Mount Toubkal draws trekkers, climbers, and adventurers from around the globe.

The area surrounding Mount Toubkal has been populated by the Amazigh (Berber) tribesmen for millennia. Mount Toubkal is deeply ingrained in their culture and traditions, believed to be the home of the King of the Ginn, Sidi Shemharus, and is strongly connected to the sacred. While the first recorded successful summit of Mount Toubkal was made by French mountaineers, Marquis de Segonzac and his team, in June 1923, it is highly improbable that this was the first ascent of the mountain. Without a doubt, Amazigh people stood on the summit of Mount Toubkal long before any Europeans did. The 1923 trek remains an important record in history and is responsible for the growing interest in climbing North Africa’s highest peak.

What is the Morocco 3 Peaks Challenge?

For the ultimate adventure, consider not only climbing Mount Toubkal, but taking on the incredible Morocco 3 peaks challenge. This encompasses climbing two other prominent peaks in the region, Mount Ouanoukrim’s twin peaks, Timzguida (4,089m) and Ras Ouanoukrim (4,083m).

Completing this challenge is a demonstration of remarkable physical endurance and provides the opportunity to spend more time immersed in the beauty of the High Atlas Mountains. Typically the challenge entails climbing Mount Ouanoukrim on one day and then conquering Mount Toubkal on another. The conveniently located Refuge du Toubkal sitting at an elevation of 3,200m will be the base for this challenge.

How Difficult is Climbing Mount Toubkal?

While climbing Mount Toubkal can be an exhilarating experience, understanding its difficulty, preparing physically, and learning how best to manage altitude can greatly enhance the journey. Outside of the winter months, the climb itself, for all 3 peaks, is not a technical climb and can be done solely by walking. The ascents, however, are strenuous and the high altitude can pose a serious threat to your success. During winter (November-April), specialist gear is required and the route becomes a technical hike, prior experience with cramponing is recommended.

Fitness

Regardless of whether you choose to climb Mount Toubkal or take on the Morocco 3 peaks challenge, the trek will involve long days of hiking, often over rough and rocky paths, with some steep ascents on less than ideal ground. Most hikers feel fatigued by the time they approach each summit due to increased elevation, long days, and reduced oxygen intake.

Consider the following fitness preparation tips at least 12 weeks prior to climbing Mount Toubkal.

• Cardiovascular Training - hiking, running, cycling and swimming are all activities that work to improve endurance and leg strength. Consider incorporating this into your workout 3-4 times a week, increasing your sessions to at least 45-60 minutes.
• Strength Training - focusing on building core strength and leg muscles will be of great benefit during the long hikes. Aim for 30-45 minute sessions at least 2-3 times a week, these can be blended into the above training sessions.
• Endurance Hikes - going on longer hikes at least once a week will help your body adapt to long treks. While not necessary all of the time, try and include hilly and mountainous terrains. Gradually increase the length and elevation of these hikes.

Altitude

At higher altitudes, the air pressure is lower which reduces the amount of oxygen available to your body when you breathe. To what extent high altitude affects your body is not an exact science, but there are ways to manage it.

There is little data to suggest that age or gender are significant factors in how likely you'll be affected by altitude. Increased fitness and overall good physical health aid in adapting to the changes in altitude, but even this can't be relied upon. When climbing Mount Toubkal (4,167m) and Mount Kilimanjaro (5,895m), remarkably fitter individuals in my team were more drastically affected by the altitude than myself. Genetics, home elevation and sleeping altitude all play a role in a person's susceptibility to altitude sickness.

Combatting Altitude Sickness

• Ascend Gradually - if your trek involves only hiking to Refuge du Toubkal on the first day and then climbing the peaks the following day, you'll have a full night's sleep at a high altitude to help you acclimatise. During your hikes, take it easy. The excitement and high energy at the start of a hike does not mean you should give it your all in the first hour. Your body will thank you later.
• Lots of Hydration - drinking plenty of water as you hike is essential and can reduce the impact of high altitudes. Consider 2-4 litres of water per day.
• Nutrition - eating well and consuming high-carbohydrate meals will provide your body with the necessary energy to cope with the altitude. Many trek packages have meals included so your guide will ensure you're well fed on the way to and at Refuge du Toubkal, but bring some extra protein/energy snacks for the climbs.
• Medication - Acetazolamide (Diamox) is a medication that can alleviate symptoms of altitude sickness. I've used Diamox for all my high altitude climbs and began taking the tablets on the first day of each hike before hitting the higher elevations. Always consult with a healthcare provider before taking any medications.
• Training at High Altitudes - if it's possible for you to do so, consider hiking a smaller mountain first, perhaps at around 3,000m above sea level, or even consider training at a high altitude centre.

Should you feel any incoming headaches, dizziness, nausea and fatigue, please let your guide know and monitor these symptoms. You may need to take a break or descend to a lower elevation to rest. 

Weather Conditions

Conditions can change rapidly and being prepared for climbing in colder temperatures, rain or snow is crucial. Generally, the best climbing months are April to October, with the best conditions in late spring and early autumn. 

I completed the Morocco 3 peaks challenge in June 2023 and found the weather conditions to be manageable and pretty perfect for our hike. While it was rather warm on the trek from Imlil to Refuge du Toubkal and back, the altitude at Refuge du Toubkal and beyond brings the temperature down to a comfortable level.

How to Organise Climbing Mount Toubkal?

Choosing Your Approach: Solo or Group

It's important to note that the choice of climbing Mount Toubkal solo or in a group does not discount the inclusion of a guide. As of 2018, it is mandatory to hire a local guide for Toubkal National Park and climbing Mount Toubkal. This legal change made by the Moroccan authorities came into place following the tragic murder of two young European hikers, Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland, near Imlil in 2018. These regulations aim to both enhance the safety of the area and maintain the sanctity of the mountain.

So, you need a guide, but what's next? It's time to decide if you want to spend the extra money and book a private guide or join an open group. While it can be nice to have a more intimate experience without worrying about who you'll be spending so much time hiking with, you may feel you lose out on the opportunity of meeting like-minded individuals.

Next up is whether you're going solo or with a group of friends, family or colleagues. While you take a small risk signing up solo to join a group of strangers, it can be the perfect way to branch out and meet new people. If your'e booking as a group, it’s important to make sure everyone understands the fitness level required to complete such a trek and that you’re all on the same page about the experience. 

But Which Company?

I chose to go through the company Much Better Adventures, who work with a global community of independent and locally-owned businesses. They offer 5 different trips for climbing Mount Toubkal: 

• Mount Toubkal in a Weekend
• Morocco 3 Peaks Challenge
• Mount Toubkal Winter Edition
• Climb Mount Toubkal & Sleep in the Sahara
• Mount Toubkal in a Week

For the Morocco 3 peaks, Much Better Adventures works with a local tour company called Aztat Treks, based in Imlil. I signed up solo to join a group and had the best time! Not only were the team at Aztat Treks fantastic and knowledgeable individuals, the group of hikers I spent 3 days with were a mixture of wonderfully interesting folks all from the UK, one of whom I still keep in touch with. 

If you're looking for something a little different, there are numerous tour guides out there to book a trek to Mount Toubkal or even the full Morocco 3 peaks challenge with, including The Mountaineering Company, Toubkal Guide, and Tribal Tracks. The key is to see what's included in each price package, check out their reviews, and compare prices. Alternatively, you can also book a guide in person once you're in Imlil.

The Packing List

For most treks involving overnight stays at Refuge du Toubkal, your guide will arrange for a small bag to be carried to the accommodation by mules. Consider the weight of this bag carefully, only pack the basic toiletries you'll need and the clothing you plan to wear for each day of hiking.

Your daypack will be what you carry with you on each hike, including the initial hike to Refuge du Toubkal from Imlil. Inside this bag, you'll have your snacks, hydration, extra layers and accessories. Water bottles will be filled at Refuge du Toubkal. Your days will consist of around 6-8 hours of hiking and so managing weight is essential. Your daypack might feel fine for a couple minutes when you try it on, but it can become a real hindrance after a few hours. Consider taking your daypack on some of your training hikes to get a feel of what you'll be carrying.

Below, you'll find my comprehensive list of what you should bring for climbing Mount Toubkal and completing the Morocco 3 peaks challenge.

Clothing

• Thermals - thermal base layers designed for long hikes are essential if you're climbing Mount Toubkal in winter. Should you choose the warmer months, consider bringing these along for the early morning summit of Mount Toubkal. Even in summer, the temperature can plummet.
• Base Layers - lightweight and moisture-wicking t-shirts or long-sleeve tops and walking trousers/leggings.
• Insulating Layer - a fleece is essential for your stay at Refuge du Toubkal and for the hikes. Consider bringing a down jacket for warmth on those early mornings and high altitudes. I didn't bring a down jacket for this particular trek, and brought just a fleece and a waterproof jacket. If you're hiking in the winter months, a down jacket is a must.
• Outer Layer - while it didn't rain or snow on my trek, it can and packable waterproof and windproof jackets/trousers are a great addition to any daypack.
• Hiking Boots - worn-in, sturdy and waterproof hiking boots are key to long and comfortable hikes. Even in summer, you'll encounter some snow at higher altitudes so waterproof boots are a good upgrade if you don't own any.
• Walking Socks - keep your feet warm and hopefully blister-free with thick, walking socks.
• Gloves/Hat/Neck Gaiter - key accessories that are important in all seasons. You'll need these at the summit.
• Sunglasses/Cap - UV radiation increases around 10% every 1,000m in altitude, so sunglasses (especially polarised ones) are essential at higher altitudes during the day. A cap will also come in handy for shading your face.

Equipment

• Backpack - 15-20L backpack for the extra clothing and toiletries you'll need during your stay at Refuge du Toubkal.
• Daypack - a 15-30L daypack for all your climbing essentials during each hike.
• Walking Poles - optional but recommended, especially for the loose rock paths close to the summit of Mount Toubkal. They're also a life saver for your knees on the descent.
• Hydration System - approximately 1.5-3L of water per hike. I recommend using the 1.5L Camelbak and a spare 1L water bottle.
• Food - fruit and energy/protein bars to keep your body nourished on the climb. These are especially important on climbs at high altitudes.
• Head Torch - required for climbing Mount Toubkal in the dark to reach the summit for sunrise.
• First Aid Kit - basic supplies for blisters and other minor injuries. Include Ibuprofen to combat any altitude-sickness symptoms and Acetazolamide (Diamox) if you've decided to take this medication.
• Suncream - with increased UV rays at higher altitudes, suncream is essential. 

Winter Gear

• Ice Axe - straight handle.
• Crampons - ensure your hiking boots can fit crampons.
• Gaiters - protecting your feet and lower legs, keeping them dry and comfortable.
• Extra gloves - consider an inner thin pair and an outer thick, waterproof pair.

Should You Tip & How Much?

Tipping etiquette can feel like a bit of a minefield, especially when some countries don't even have a tipping culture. For any Mount Toubkal trek, tipping around 10-20% of the trip price in their local currency is recommended. Much Better Adventures advise a tip of around 300 Dirham for Morocco 3 peaks challenge, to be split between the team.

It's normal to tip for good service in Morocco, however, it's not compulsory. Feel free to tip more or less depending on the quality of the service and your experience.

Where to Stay Before/After Climbing Mount Toubkal

It's common to stay in Marrakech, Morocco, prior to or after climbing Mount Toubkal. The journey from Marrakech to Imlil is around an hour and a half drive and is often part of your trek package. Be sure to check this beforehand. 

If accommodation is not pre-arranged with your tour company, check out the following places to stay in Marrakech, Morocco.

• Earth Hostel - for budget-friendly shared accommodation, this hostel is located in the middle of the Medina and is in the great location for exploring Marrakech.
• Riad ViewPoint - a lovely little riad located next to the Royal Palace. This riad was booked as part of our post-trip accommodation with Much Better Adventures, and I extended the stay for an extra night. In the heart of Marrakech and featuring a beautiful rooftop terrace with a pool, this riad was the perfect place to stay.
• Riad Tajania - for a little more luxury at an affordable price, and located right in the heart of the Medina of Marrakech, Riad Tajania offers a stunning courtyard with a small pool, a rooftop terrace, and spacious suites.

Morocco 3 Peaks Challenge Itinerary

Day 1: Imlil to Refuge du Toubkal Trek

Your adventure begins in the village of Imlil where you’ll meet your guides and gather necessary supplies before embarking on the scenic trek to Refuge du Toubkal, your home for the next night or two. The 11km hike takes approximately 4-6 hours and takes you on an ascent of around 1,400m. You'll begin by following a well-marked path through olive groves and terraced fields, leaving Imlil behind. As you walk, you'll experience the culture and everyday lives of the Amazigh people who call this area home.

The trail gradually ascends, leading you through lush valleys lined with pine trees. As you continue your ascent, you'll cross the Ait Mizane Valley where several Amazigh villages are scattered across the slopes. Along the way, you'll find a couple places that offer food, snacks, bottled water and tea. We encountered a spot by a waterfall where our guide at Aztat Treks had arranged lunch and tea. From this point, the path begins to zigzag up the mountainside, gaining elevation quickly. This can be strenuous so please take your time and enjoy the views. Ensure you take short breaks often to hydrate and acclimatise.

After around 4-6 hours of uphill hiking, you'll reach the mountain base, Refuge du Toubkal. This basic but comfortable accommodation allows climbers to rest before climbing Mount Toubkal and the Morocco 3 peaks. While we stayed here, the atmosphere was cosy and lively, and this base serves as a great opportunity to build some camaraderie amongst your group. Make sure you fill up on food and water, you'll need that energy to acclimatise and conquer those summits.

Day 2: Refuge du Toubkal to Mount Ouanoukrim Twin Peaks

Waking up from your first sleep in the mountains at an astonishing 3,200m elevation brings you to day 2 of your High Atlas Mountains adventure. A strenuous ascent awaits you as you prepare to conquer the twin peaks of Mount Ouanoukrim.

After fuelling up with a hearty breakfast, pack your essentials, including water, snacks, and a camera, and get ready for adventure. The journey begins with a trail that winds through a rocky landscape behind Refuge du Toubkal. As you continue the ascent towards Tizi Ouagane Col (3,750m), you'll experience expansive views over the Ait Mizane Valley and the High Atlas Mountains, including Mount Toubkal to your left.

Even in June, you'll likely cross a section of compact snow as you approach Tizi Ouagane Col and the trail steepens beyond this point. Be aware that the altitude begins to affect some hikers at this stage, so be sure to pace yourself and stay hydrated.

From Tizi Ouagane Col, you'll turn right and follow the east ridge. At this point, during the winter, confidence in cramponing on slopes is essential. In the warmer months, scrambling is required. While it's a relatively easy scramble, be aware that the left side of the slope does have quite the drop so it's important to take care. If you're feeling a little nervous, stick to the right and keep in communication with your guide.

Peak One: Ras Ouanoukrim (4,083m)

You'll find the remainder of the rocky trail towards the first twin peak, Ras Ouanoukrim (4,083m), is steep but easy to navigate. The ascent and the summit itself offers exhilarating panoramic views of the High Atlas Mountain range and the surrounding valleys. Take time to rest and appreciate the vast beauty of this vantage point before preparing for the next peak.

Peak Two: Timzguida (4,089m)

Leaving the first peak back the way you came, the trail descends gently into a saddle before once again ascending towards the second peak, Mount Ouanoukrim's main summit, Timzguida (4,089m). The ascent may feel demanding, but reaching the summit of the second peak is immensely rewarding.

Upon reaching Timzguida, take in the spectacular views that extend endlessly over the Atlas landscape. On a clear day, it's possible to see as far as the Sahara. Be sure to capture the views and enjoy a well-deserved break before retracing your steps back down to Refuge du Toubkal.

Day 3: Climbing Mount Toubkal & Back to Imlil

Today is the day, it's time to conquer the highest point in North Africa, the majestic Mount Toubkal. Prepare for an extra early morning with a start time of around 03:30 am to try and reach the summit for sunrise. It's about a 3-hour hike to the top. While it sounds painful and hiking in the dark can be a little daunting, nothing will prepare you for how stunning the sunrise is at 4,000m+ elevation. Ensure you're well-rested, fuelled from breakfast, and hydrated for the hike ahead. Oh, and bring your head torch!

Once you leave Refuge du Toubkal, the trail begins with a steep climb through rocky terrain. This path is well-trodden and you'll often find other trekkers making their way up to the summit. The first part of this hike is steep but on a sturdy trail, making it easy to adapt to climbing Mount Toubkal in the dark, before transitioning into some easy scrambling through a boulder moraine.

After around an hour of climbing, you'll encounter a zigzagging path that leads towards the summit. The path becomes more challenging with a steep scree slope and you'll be grateful for your walking poles at this point. Take it easy and find your footing, this section won't last forever.

Peak Three: Mount Toubkal Summit (4,167m)

As you near the top, the scree comes to an end but the ascent remains steep and challenging. The last 200m of elevation gain will be sure to test your stamina, but the views become increasingly rewarding as the sun begins to rise over the High Atlas Mountain range. Upon reaching the summit, you'll be greeted with panoramic views of the surrounding mountains, valleys, and on the clearest days, the distant Sahara desert. Take some time to celebrate your achievement, snap photos, and soak in the unparalleled beauty of the landscape. You're standing at an elevation of 4,167m!

Normally, you'll descend the same way you came, along the South Cwm. There is an alternative, the quieter less-travelled North Cwm, but this route is more difficult to climb and navigate. When you're descending via the South Cwm, you may initially take a different path down from the summit. This will lead you back to the main path you originally hiked up, taking you down to Refuge du Toubkal for some much-needed lunch.

Once you've eaten and gathered your things, you'll begin the 11km trek from Refuge du Toubkal back down to Imlil. Today is a long day on your feet, climbing Mount Toubkal in the morning and an afternoon hike to Imlil. Make sure you stay hydrated, rest where needed, and enjoy the views. This thrilling adventure may be coming to an end, but the memories will last you a lifetime!

To Summarise

Mount Toubkal stands not only as a peak to conquer, but also a symbol of the natural beauty and cultural richness of Morocco’s High Atlas Mountains. Its history, intertwined with that of the Amazigh people and the spirit of exploration, beckons adventurers to explore its heights and immerse themselves in its landscape.

Climbing Mount Toubkal and the twin peaks of Mount Ouanoukrim is an experience that transcends mere trekking. It is a journey filled with discovery, adventure, and self-reflection against a backdrop of extraordinary beauty and cultural significance. Completing the Morocco 3 peaks challenge not only pushes your physical limits, but it also grants you lasting memories and a deeper appreciation for the magnificence of the Moroccan landscape. Don’t miss the chance to embark on this unforgettable adventure!

Consider conquering more 3 peaks challenges with the Explore by Nature guides to the Yorkshire 3 peaks and the UK 3 peaks.

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